Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes

Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is the most common comorbidity in patients with CF, occurring in approximately 20% of adolescents and 40–50% of adults [66]. CFRD is associated with worse lung function, more chest infections, overall poorer nutrition, and increased mortality irrespective of lung transplantation [67]. New- onset diabetes occurs in approximately 38% of patients without preexisting CFRD following lung transplantation. Potential candidates with CF should be counseled about the risk of developing diabetes following transplantation. In one study, both de novo and preexisting diabetes were associated with an increased risk of death following transplantation [68]. However, a more recent analysis did not demonstrate an impact of diabetes on transplant outcomes for recipients with CF. [32] Poorly controlled diabetes is considered by many to be a relative contraindication for lung transplantation, as this may be a surrogate for adherence with medical therapies. Aggressive treatment of diabetes is strongly recommended prior to, and following, lung transplantation. However, further studies evaluating the impact that tight gly-cemic control has on overall survival after transplant are warranted.
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Pancreatic disorders and therapy